Working in the US: CPT, OPT, and On-Campus Jobs
F-1 students can work in the US, but there are strict rules. Here's what you need to know about CPT, OPT, and on-campus employment.
Last updated: March 1, 2026
As an F-1 student, you're allowed to work in the US under certain conditions. Understanding your options early helps you plan internships, part-time jobs, and post-graduation employment.
On-Campus Employment
The easiest way to work. You can work up to 20 hours/week during the school year and 40 hours/week during breaks. No special authorization needed — just your valid F-1 status.
- Library assistant, dining hall, research assistant, campus IT
- Teaching assistant (TA) or grading positions
- Campus bookstore, recreation center, student services
💡On-campus jobs fill up fast! Apply during the first week of the semester. Check your school's student employment portal or ask departments directly.
CPT (Curricular Practical Training)
CPT lets you do internships or co-ops that are part of your degree program. It must be authorized by your ISO before you start working.
- Must be directly related to your major
- Requires a job offer before applying
- You must have been enrolled full-time for at least one academic year (some exceptions for grad students)
- Can be part-time (≤20 hrs/week) or full-time during breaks
- Using 12+ months of full-time CPT makes you ineligible for OPT
⚠️Never start working before your CPT authorization date. Working without authorization — even one day early — is a serious violation that can end your F-1 status.
OPT (Optional Practical Training)
OPT gives you 12 months of work authorization after graduation (or before, as pre-completion OPT). STEM degree holders can extend for an additional 24 months (STEM OPT).
You can apply up to 90 days before graduation. USCIS processing takes 3-5 months, so don't wait.
Your ISO must recommend you in SEVIS before you can file with USCIS.
Application for Employment Authorization. Filing fee is around $410 (check current amount).
You cannot work until you have your Employment Authorization Document (EAD) in hand and your OPT start date has passed.
You must report your employer info within 10 days of starting a job. Unemployment gaps over 90 days (150 for STEM OPT) can end your status.
Quick Comparison
Work Authorization Types
No special auth needed. Up to 20 hrs/week during semester. Easiest option but limited positions and lower pay.
For internships related to your degree. Must be authorized before start date. Time used may affect OPT eligibility.
12 months post-graduation work (+ 24 months for STEM). Apply early! Most common path to full-time employment in the US.
💡Start planning for OPT at least 6 months before graduation. Attend career fairs, connect with your school's career center, and practice interviewing. Many employers start hiring interns and new grads a full semester in advance.