Know Your Rights: Legal Basics for International Students

As an international student in the US, you have legal rights — more than you might think. The US Constitution protects everyone on US soil, regardless of citizenship status. Knowing your rights helps you protect yourself.

Your rights with police

• You have the right to remain silent — you don't have to answer questions beyond identifying yourself
• You have the right to an attorney — if arrested, say 'I want to speak to a lawyer' and then stay silent
• You do NOT have to consent to a search of your car, bag, or home — say 'I do not consent to a search'
• You should carry your passport and I-20 (or copies) at all times — immigration officers can ask for these
• If stopped by police: stay calm, keep hands visible, be polite, don't run. You can ask 'Am I free to go?'
• You have the right to record police interactions in all 50 states

Tenant rights (renting)

• Your landlord must keep the property habitable — working heat, plumbing, electricity, and pest control
• Your landlord cannot enter your apartment without notice (usually 24-48 hours) except in emergencies
• You cannot be evicted without proper legal process — your landlord can't just change the locks
• Your security deposit must be returned within a set timeframe (varies by state, usually 30 days) after you move out, minus documented damages
• Discrimination based on race, national origin, or religion in housing is illegal under federal law
• Always read your lease carefully before signing. Ask questions about anything you don't understand.

Employment rights

• Minimum wage laws apply to international students — you must be paid at least the federal or state minimum, whichever is higher
• Employers cannot confiscate your passport or immigration documents
• You are protected from workplace discrimination and harassment regardless of visa status
• If injured at work, you're entitled to workers' compensation — regardless of immigration status
• Your employer must follow the work hours on your authorization (e.g., 20 hrs/week for F-1 during semester)

Immigration-specific rules to follow

• Maintain valid F-1 status — full-time enrollment, no unauthorized work, valid I-20
• Report address changes to your ISO within 10 days of moving
• Don't overstay your authorized period — check your I-94 for your 'D/S' (Duration of Status) notation
• Keep your passport valid at least 6 months into the future
• Don't travel internationally without a valid travel signature on your I-20
• Report any changes (major, degree level, funding) to your ISO before they happen

Where to get free legal help